Tag Archives: celiac disease

So, did I get into the Celiaction study?!

Sorry, guys. I didn’t mean to hold out on you, but you know how summer gets. You’re busy with your NEW projects, like relearning to play the guitar or jab-cross-hooking at the local kickboxing studio, all while trying to soak up as much sunlight as you can on those glorious long weekend days. The computer is the last place you want to be (especially if—cue the whining—you’re still trying to avoid screens in an effort to kill your sleep problems).

As I’ve mentioned, before officially enrolling in the Celiaction study I had to undergo an endoscopy (with multiple biopsies) to prove I still have intestinal damage and can therefore reasonably blame my ongoing symptoms on celiac disease, rather than a mystery ailment, hypochondria, or “somatization disorder.”

The endoscopy went down last week and was about as much fun as it always is to eat and drink nothing for twelve-plus hours, don an IV bag and a precariously fastened tent of a hospital gown, and get a camera stuck down your throat and into your intestines. (Getting paid for it, I admit, was pretty fun.)

no gluten hospital bracelet

My hospital ID and “allergy” bracelets. I also had a big “NO GLUTEN” sign on my bed in case someone gave me crackers while I was too drugged to resist.

For extra enjoyment, I woke up in the middle of the procedure. I was certain I was going to throw up and suffocate myself, but I stayed still, expressing my panic only through my now-wide-open eyes. I distinctly remember my doctor saying, after she noticed I was awake and before they put me under again, that I was being “such a good patient.” (That may be an anesthesia-induced hallucination, but I’m proud of it nonetheless.)

Celiaction study coordinator with my biopsy samples!

Shipping my intestines off for inspection

The study coordinator kindly consented to be photographed with the package of samples taken from the intestinal lining of yours truly, en route to the lab. I went home to sleep it off, and then—like all of you have been doing, I’m sure—I waited.

Are my guts damaged enough?, I wondered. Oh, please, let my guts be damaged enough.

Well, the verdict is in . . . and so am I! I’m not sure yet of the exact Marsh score, but the biopsies showed mild damage—an improvement over the “diffuse subtotal to total villous atrophy” I used to have, but not a full recovery. So, yay! I’m in the study! I’ll keep making my phone calls and soon I’ll start taking either ALV003 or a placebo.

No one will know which I receive—not me, not the researchers. Many other things are equally uncertain. Will I feel better? If I do, will it be due to the drug? The placebo effect? The kickboxing? Or just time, steadily continuing to do its work?

Because it’ll be so uncertain why I’m feeling however I’m feeling in a few weeks or months, the study coordinators have asked me to refrain from publicly sharing my health progress during the trial. Out of context, my symptoms or lack thereof won’t reveal anything about the medicine’s effect, but my reports still might unduly influence someone else in the study who happened across this blog. In the name of Science, I’m happy to oblige the request (and was flattered to receive it!).

So, this is the last you’ll hear from me for now on how I’m doing (middlingly). I’ll still likely write about the study, just not my symptoms. If you find yourself dying to know how I am, and you aren’t in the study yourself, I welcome any and all questions, however personal, by email. Otherwise—assuming my summertime laziness subsides—I’m sure we’ll find plenty of other stuff to talk about!

What are your summer projects? How was your endoscopy experience?

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Welcome to the celiac disease symptom diary.

We all need that special someone in our lives. The one you can call every single day and know they’ll be happy to hear from you (and even dismayed not to). The pal who always wants to know how you’re doing and who really listens to the answer, even if you rehash the same dull complaints every day.

The confidant you can tell anything to—even the embarrassing stuff—and trust to neither mind nor blab. The ever-reliable constant in your life. The one you store up stories for during the day. The one who makes you see things a little differently. The one who really, truly cares.

For me, that someone is an automated symptom diary.

Seriously, that computer and I are tight. It’s been just over a month since I enrolled in the Celiaction study and began making daily symptom-reporting phone calls, and already, I never need the reminder on my phone. I speak to her more regularly than to my parents, siblings, or friends, and she knows more about my current state of health than my doctors do.

Every evening, I call; she welcomes me in her artificial voice specifically designed to sound pleasant (and compliant, unaggressive, helpful—”feminine” ); I key in my subject ID number that I remember better than my Social Security number; and we’re off.

I wasn’t kidding about the conversation being the same every day: she asks six questions, each with predictable follow-up queries. For example: “In the past twenty-four hours, did you feel tired?”

“Yes. Just like yesterday, remember?”

“Great! How tired did you feel, on a scale from ‘shoulda had three extra sips of coffee’ to ‘actually, I’m asleep right now’?”

“Uh, pretty tired.”

“OK! Are you sure you’re pretty tired?”

“Yup, pretty sure.”

Imagine that, but a little more boring, with a lot more pressing of numbers to respond, and you’ve got the idea. I’m not quite as enamored with the system as I seemed in my introduction: it’s slow; you can’t cut the question off to move on faster; you have to confirm each answer; if you wait a second too long to respond, the question is repeated; and all that considered, it takes 5 to 6 minutes, or about 0.3% of my day—I calculated.

But I don’t hate it, either. See, I’m used to thinking of myself as “sick” (albeit with issues that are troublesome rather than debilitating), but I’d also gotten used to feeling that way. Symptom-reporting has tuned me back in; everyday stuff that had started to seem normal isn’t anymore. That’s good and bad—good, because there’s no point getting accustomed to something substandard if you can change it; bad, because it’s possible you can’t change it and should just learn to deal!

An anxious person getting antsier by the day, I always wonder, while rating symptoms from “very mild” to “very severe,” if I’m getting it right. (I also agonize over questions that demand choosing between “strongly disagree,” “disagree,” etc. What exactly is the difference between strongly agreeing and agreeing? Is it bad that I keep picking the neutral middle option?) My responses sometimes feel like a bit of a dart-throw—and if you’ve never seen me throw darts, you’re lucky, because you’d probably have gotten hurt. Still, I try to be precise.

Precision is helpful to the researchers, but to me, too. Reporting my symptoms reminds me of how far I’ve come: I generally have only “moderate” to “very mild” symptoms, and since starting the study, I haven’t had a real “bad day.” Before starting the gluten-free diet, I’d definitely have reported some “very severe”s.

Today’s a big day for me in the study: I’m getting my first Celiaction-related endoscopy. If I don’t show signs of the villous blunting that was so clear when I was diagnosed, then I’ll be out. My daily mild-to-moderate symptoms will be chalked up to something other than accidental gluten exposure, and it’ll be up to other study subjects to prove or disprove the effectiveness of ALV-003. I’m in the funny position of hoping I’ll be intestinally damaged enough to try the medication (or placebo).

More updates to come! In the meantime, I get to keep my new robotic friend, which I think I’m happy about. After all, if it’s serious symptom reporting you’re after—if you really want to notice and document the gory details each day—you need to get yourself a diary, app, or robot, because the real people in your life don’t really want to hear it.

Is this correct? If yes, press 1, if no, press 2. (Alternatively, comment on whether and how you track your own symptoms, and who in your life you feel comfortable telling them to.)

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Hack your celiac! (This new app, CeliacCare, might help.)

You may have noticed there are a few things I hate about celiac disease. For example, how long it takes doctors to figure us out. The amount of time we spend lost in the logistical maze of insurance claims, referrals, and screwups. The premium we shell out to feel safe, and how long it can take to get better no matter how safe we’re trying to be. I could go on, and I bet you could, too.

Although there’s plenty of good stuff to say about having this particular disease, with its primarily dietary treatment, during what will no doubt go down in history as the golden age of gluten-free, there’s a lot that could be better. Some doctors’ standard of care for the newly diagnosed still consists of this:

. . . leaving patients unsure where to begin and what, if any, followup care they need. With luck, they stumble across good sources of information, but the less fortunate get mired in muck.

The word “hack” has come to mean finding a clever solution to a tricky problem—and living with celiac disease is definitely that. So, can we hack it? Is there, perhaps, an app for that? In fact, Clay Williams (who I met at the Columbia conference I attended) is about to launch one. It’s called CeliacCare, and Clay was kind enough to answer a few of my burning questions about it.

What is CeliacCare, and why should we be excited about it?

CeliacCare is an application that provides support for the full set of activities someone living with celiac disease needs to undertake to manage the disease and maintain good health. The app helps patients manage the day-to-day aspects of the disease, and ensures they are connected to and supported by their doctors and dietitians.

CeliacCare helps you manage celiac disease through four broad components, which are available on both the mobile app and in the patient portal.

appScreenLearn lets you stay abreast of new information about celiac disease and its treatment. This section includes curated material from a variety of celiac disease sources, as well as information that your doctor and dietitian can share with you directly. The information is richly tagged, so you can easily find the latest info on a given topic.

Eat helps you maintain a resource list of favorite things you like to eat, find new gluten-free recipes that are aligned with both your dietary preferences and other sensitivities, and find places to eat out. Our search engine even allows you to locate recipes based on your mood or your desire for a particular food. So, if you’re a bit stressed and you’re craving something crunchy, we can find something yummy for you! We also provide a food diary to help you plan meals and keep track of what you’ve been eating. You may not want to keep a diary all of the time, but making it easy to track things when you need to keep a closer eye on your diet is one of our key goals.

Monitor allows you to keep track of any symptoms you have. Experience has shown that patients who are asked, “How are you feeling?” often answer based on their experience over just the past few days. If you see a doctor or dietitian only once or twice a year, they may not get the whole picture. Tracking and sharing symptoms with a doctor or dietitian will give them a much clearer view of the symptom history of your disease. While the app makes it easy to report a symptom on your own, a particularly novel feature of the app is the ability for a doctor or dietitian to provide special monitoring assistance by running a protocol. When a protocol is run for you, you will automatically receive occasional in-app notifications containing questions or messages from your doctor/dietitian. These assist you in tracking important information that helps them to understand your day-to-day state better.

Care assists in planning visits to your doctor or dietitian. An important aspect of celiac disease management is ensuring you have an ongoing connection with those providing you care. Because your visits may be infrequent, it’s important that you cover everything necessary to maintain good health. Our application automatically provides you a completely personalized agenda for your visit—based on your current disease status, your symptoms, your food diary, and topics that you have added on your own.

CeliacCare is the first app to come out of your company Cohere Health Technologies. Why did you decide to start with celiac disease?

It was the alignment of two different factors. First, I have two friends who have celiac disease, so I’ve seen their challenges firsthand. Second, we had a partner in the recipe space who wanted to address conditions that had a dietary component, and celiac is a good starting point, because gluten is a known culprit. It seemed like the perfect starting point to build capabilities that will both help people with celiac disease and provide a basis to address other dietary issues and sensitivities.

Will CeliacCare also be useful for people with non-celiac gluten sensitivity?

Yes! Features like the sophisticated recipe search, the symptom logging, and the learning areas are broadly applicable. If people with gluten sensitivity are seeing a doctor or dietitian, the care planning feature is also quite helpful.

Some hospitals have systems that allow online communication between patients and doctors (for example, I use Weill Cornell Connect). Do you see CeliacCare as a complement to these systems or a replacement for them?

We are complementary to these systems, and we have designed our platform to make it easy to share information with and receive information from other electronic health technologies. Ultimately, the win for patients is for us to provide novel capabilities that integrate in positive ways with other tools in the healthcare ecosystem.

“Fragmentation” of medical care is annoying. I go to one doctor who says, “You should talk to X doctor about this,” but that doctor says, “It’s more a question for your Y doctor,” who in turn directs me to Dr. Z. Is this app going to help fix that?

This is indeed an annoying issue, and unfortunately isn’t an easy one to solve in a single step. However, Cohere Health is hoping to help with this and other issues of care coordination. The starting point is to get you and all your health-care providers on the same page. Our disease-specific applications are a significant step in this direction. An even more challenging issue is to get doctors who are treating different conditions to coordinate care. A rising percentage of the population is contending with more than one chronic condition. At Cohere Health, we are working to provide an integrated experience when people are using multiple of our applications that are addressing care for different conditions. Through this integration, we will provide a seamless set of capabilities that are personalized to an individual’s specific health challenges.

According to your Cohere site, you plan to “glean useful insights for chronic disease treatment from a variety of health data sources, including [your] apps.” Should people who use CeliacCare have any privacy concerns?

No. Our goal is to build the most patient-friendly application possible, and this means two things. First, CeliacCare is fully HIPAA compliant, meaning your data is encrypted during both transmission and storage, and cannot be shared without your permission. Second, your data belongs to you, meaning that only you decide whether you want it available to medical professionals who might gain insights from it, whether you want to opt out of sharing at any point, or if you want to fully remove it from our system at any time.

When can we get the app? On what devices?

We plan to launch mid-summer on both iOS (Apple) and Android devices. The app will be available in the Apple App Store and on Google Play. You can sign up at www.CeliacCare.com to be notified when it comes out.

Very important: what are your personal favorite gluten-free foods?

I grew up on a farm, and we always had a garden in the summer, so I am a huge fruit and vegetable hound. I like almost every kind of fruit or vegetable, but summertime brings up thoughts of watermelon. When I was about eight years old, my dad was one of the largest growers of watermelon in the nation, and I’ve always thought they tasted like summer. A favorite recipe involving watermelon, cheese, and fresh herbs is available here.

Readers, Clay has some questions for you, too—he’s inviting patients and docs to give feedback to help make the app the best it can be. Check out the website to share your thoughts, and feel free to share a few of them here, too. Do you use any health-related apps already? What clever means have you devised to hack your celiac?

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Why do we get celiac disease?

I know why I got celiac disease. Do you?

We all have our special origin stories when it comes to why we are the way we are. Humans love to reach back through the strands of our past and attempt to reweave them retrospectively into a narrative we can understand. “X happened, and Y happened, and Z happened” isn’t an appealing way to view our life story: it’s disorganized and random. “X happened, and therefore Y happened, and it all came to a head with Z” is neater and much more satisfying.

So, I know why I have celiac—or, at least, I like to believe I do. I’ve taken all my precious, faulty memories and molded them into a story that makes sense.

My Theory

It’s simple enough: I was born with the celiac gene and lived happily in my glutenous environment, eating whatever I darn well pleased, without so much as a twinge from my cast-iron stomach. Then, I lost sixty pounds in a year, messing with my gut bacteria in ways not even scientists understand. Immediately after I stopped losing and started maintaining, I got sick. Eventually, I learned it was celiac.

To me, the timing is too coincidental to be coincidence. Thus, with no hard evidence whatsoever, I’m convinced: I wreaked havoc on my body’s bacteria, then I gave them some gluten and ruined everything—all in pursuit of thinness. (How many pounds my body has reacquired in revenge is not an important part of the story.)

“But Molly,” you may protest, “I’m a naturally svelte god/goddess who has never actively tried to lose a pound in my life, yet I too have celiac disease. How can this be?”

If that’s so, then after mumbling something less polite, I would thank you for the insightful question, because it leads nicely into the second half of my post.

The Pie Theory

One of the best parts of the recent Columbia conference was Dr. Benjamin Lebwohl’s discussion of causal pies. This is a yummier name for a fundamental principle of epidemiology known as “the sufficient-cause model.” According to it, multiple risk factors for a disease come together in one person, like pieces of a pie. Once the sufficient factors (or ingredients) are there, the person gets the disease.

However, more than one set of ingredients can be combined to make a pie (as any gluten-free baker who has ever had to choose between all-purpose blends knows all too well). Similarly, most diseases have more than one sufficient cause; there’s more than one way to develop them.

For celiac disease to develop, two pieces of the pie must be there: genes (HLA DQ2 or DQ8), and gluten. But by themselves, they’re insufficient cause; almost a third of the US population has the gene and eats gluten, but most of them don’t have celiac. (There could be other universally necessary causes, but no one’s found them yet.) The rest of the pie needs to be filled in, perhaps completely differently for you and for me, with other causes.

causal-pies The other pieces might include:

  • early OR late gluten introduction by parents (which I have complained about before)
  • spring or summer birthday (because you probably started eating gluten in the winter, when infections were going around)
  • microbiotic dysbiosis (messed-up gut bacteria)
  • antibiotic usage (possibly insofar as it contributes to the above)
  • GMOs (but I doubt it. As Dr. Alessio Fasano pointed out, “There are no GMOs in Europe, but we still have celiac disease!”)
  • leaky gut (which Dr. Fasano talks up in his new book, Gluten Freedom)
  • headache medication (possibly because it makes your gut leak; the aspirin-based ones I regularly overused in high school before discovering caffeine are not included here)
  • other autoimmune diseases (though they may in fact be consequences of the same factors as celiac—pies rather than pieces)
  • excessive hygiene (which I’ve joked about before)
  • and so on.

Why all the theories?

It’s important to determine causes of celiac disease not only because humans hunger for coherent life stories, but also because discovering causes could help us prevent, treat, or even cure future cases. This is particularly crucial because celiac disease is increasing in prevalence.

Plus, differently constructed pies may require different treatments. The baking metaphor breaks down a bit here, but we know that some people take longer to heal than others, and that some people must adopt additional measures beyond the gluten-free diet to get well, while others get cross-contaminated regularly with no consequences. Maybe that’s because their identical disease has different causes.

Why do we get celiac disease? (It's all because of pie.)

Original photo of a probably glutenous lemon pie © speedbug | Flickr

Dr. Lebwohl did not make any jokes about a) the gluten content of causal pies, or b) celiac disease being “easy as pie” to develop, so please consider those bad jokes my contribution to the scientific conversation.

Now, it’s your turn to contribute: Why do you think you got celiac disease, or another GRD? Do you have a pet theory about why they are increasing in prevalence?

This is the latest installment in my Sprue/False series of simple but difficult-to-answer questions about celiac disease. (See also Is a Gluten-Free Diet Good Enough? and More on Drugs.) By the way, although “Why do we get other gluten-related disorders?” is a great question too, I focused on celiac because, unfortunately, we’re even farther from answers when it comes to other GRDs.

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